Aboriginal youth gangs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Native youth posses - Term Paper Example ently so rough in nature, the way of enrollment and the preventive projects taken up by common society and governments the same to weed away susceptible youth from this threat. Information shows that there are around 800-1000 native posses working in the Prairie Provinces in Canada. (Totten Mark, 2009) The areas of Saskatchewan, Manitoba and British Columbia additionally have a critical nearness of native posses. Most individuals from these packs are beneath 17 with 22% of these being natives. (Totten Mark, 2008) Police measurements show that somewhere in the range of 1992 and 2001, crime in the Saskatchewan zone demonstrated a critical increment by 17%. (FSIN, 2003) The packs presently working in this district incorporate Indian Posse and Redd Alert who thusly keep their hierarchy of leadership dynamic by providing its individuals with normal gracefully of maryjane and cocaine. Redd Alertt follows its birthplaces to a sorted out jail posse in Edmonton, thinking back to the 90’s. (Totten Mark, 2008).These packs have now spread to different pieces of Canada including Vancouver, Okanagan and Winnipeg. Studies have indicated that there is unquestionably a various leveled structure to these groups. There are littler road posses which enjoy unconstrained action and demonstrations of vandalism. These individuals are likewise enlisted by the more sorted out higher criminal association. The native groups have anyway a liquid structure with no genuine center goals aside from that the newcomer would need to demonstrate his capacities acceptably to the pioneer. (Totten Mark, 2008).The new group part is judged and set in the progressive structure dependent on the measure of money he can bring or graver the level of viciousness he can submit. The person who began the group much of the time would be pioneer and would be helped by his key partners on whom he has impressive trust. The pack has both the Hard-Core individuals and the Active individuals. (Totten Mark, 2008).While the in-your-face individuals enjoy genuine vicious acts between rival packs, the

Voices And Visions Essays (203 words) - Harlem Renaissance

Voices And Visions The anecdotal film of Langston Hughes is both educational and engaging. It moves toward Hughes' existence with smart perceptions from the individuals that actually knew him. The film broadly expounds on his family foundation and early life before his graceful achievement, and proceeds through his life in Harlem, his abstract accomplishments, and heritage. The film has intriguing realities that were obscure to me past to my survey. For instance, the chronicled family members portrayed in the life story gave more knowledge on the inspiration of Hughes to have an effect in the way of life or history of African-Americans. Other than knowledge, the film was engaging a result of the innovative structure of the film's arrangement. The mix of jazz and blues music, genuine pictures and film, recitations of Hughes verse, and pictures of the Harlem Renaissance have a significant effect when endeavoring to comprehend the life Langston Hughes originated from and lived, just as feeling the feeling in his abstract works. Hughes' accomplishments are uncommon and his life was momentous. His capacity to conquer hindrances, for example, the absence of family and money related help are splendid. He remains as a good example for a more youthful age of essayists. Motion pictures and Cinema Essays

General Advice

General Advice In my previous entry, Joan Tran from Louisiana asked for some general admissions advice. Hmm. First, here are some previous entries on specific topics: Advice on the college interview (Mitra) Advice on the application essay(Mitra) Clarification on what exactly a good match is (Matt) But in terms of general advice, lets see. There are no specific activities or test-prep courses I would suggest or anything like that. I recommend that you pursue things that interest and challenge you. These can be traditionally-thought-of-as-MIT-ish things like science fairs or math competitions, but they also can be things like (but not limited to) athletics, volunteer work, music and theater performance, and religious activities. Furthermore, if your interests dont align with an organization and you pursue them independently, thats fine too. (For example, if you love baking (Izzie), riding motorcycles (Cristina), or fly-fishing (Derek), write it down! You probably shouldnt tell us if you failed the medical boards, though, Alex.) The admissions staff doesnt have some set list of priority extra-curriculars or achievements it looks for on your application; rather, it looks for attributes that you can demonstrate in just about any activity. Okay, now youre challenging yourself in your coursework and activities make sure you convey that to us. When you describe your extra-curriculars, either in an essay or on the application form, try to make it more than a laundry list. Elucidate what your role and contributions were, what you gained from it, how it has changed you, etc. Another piece of advice I have is to be confidently relaxed. I hope that you have gone both through high school and through the application process ethically (not lying or cheating, etc.). You havent changed yourself for the sake of getting into college, so be proud of who you are and what you have done. No matter what schools admit you, youll go on to achieve great things in life. This is the most general sort of advice I can offer. If you (mostly juniors, but I suppose some sophomores too) have specific questions about parts of the application form or application process, please leave them in the comments and Ill do my best to answer them. Joan, I hope this helped.

Essay on Gloria Naylors Mama Day - 1241 Words

Gloria Naylors Mama Day It is impossible to interpret Gloria Naylor’s 1988 novel, Mama Day, in one way. There are multiple standpoints that a reader can take in explaining various events that occur throughout the book, as well as different ways that the characters in the book interpret these events. The author never fully clarifies many questions that the story generates so as to leave the readers with the opportunity to answer them based on their own personal experiences and beliefs. The multiplicity of perspectives in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day is embodied in the legend of Sapphira Wade and the dynamics between logic and the supernatural and between George and Cocoa. Sapphira Wade is a character that Naylor uses as a tool†¦show more content†¦The descendents of Sapphira all received deeds to pieces of land in Willow Springs in 1823. How the descendants of a slave woman came to inherit the land of slave owner is unclear because different interpretations of the event that occurred in 1823 seem to have been developed from generation to generation. For instance, some say Sapphira â€Å"smothered Bascombe Wade in his very bed,† while others say she â€Å"persuaded Bascombe Wade in a thousand days to deed all his slaves every inch of land in Willow Springs† and â€Å"poisoned him for his trouble† (Naylor 3). These different interpretations apparently lead to the development to the use of the phrase â€Å"18 23† as a slang term. For some, the phrase seems to represent death and destruction whereas others use it synonymously with deception. But no matter what actually happened in 1823, the fact that so many vie ws are accepted by the community conveys to the reader the importance of open-mindedness in reading the book. Naylor continues to suggest the significance of open-mindedness by providing the reader with the opportunity to choose more than one way to explain Mama Day’s encounter with Bernice. Bernice decides to seek the advice of Mama Day, who is known to have miraculous healing abilities, when she has trouble conceiving. Mama Day gives Bernice pumpkin seeds and puts her under the impression that they are â€Å"magic seeds† (Naylor 96). This gives Bernice time to buildShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gloria Naylors Mama Day1144 Words   |  5 PagesGloria Naylor’s Mama Day, through prefatory documents at the beginning of the novel, is able to further her rewrite of the African experience post-slavery. Naylor published Mama Day in 1988. During that year the term African American had been coined by Jesse Jackson. By using this term today we are able to honor our cur rent place as American while also giving recognition and preserving our African Heritage Through the use of three prefatory documents Naylor is able to rewrite the historical AfricanRead More Gloria Naylors Mama Day Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesGloria Naylors Mama Day Gloria Naylors Mama Day takes place in two distinct environments, each characterized by the beliefs and ideologies of the people who inhabit the seemingly different worlds. The island of Willow Springs, comprised solely by the descendants of slaves, is set apart from the rest of the United States and is neither part of South Carolina nor Georgia. As such, its inhabitants are exempt from the laws of either state and are free to govern themselves as they see fit. Only aRead More Gloria Naylors Mama Day Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesGloria Naylors Mama Day George and Ophelia grow up in significantly different environments with exposure to vastly dissimilar experiences; their diverse backgrounds have a profound impact on the way they interpret and react to situations as adults. George and Ophelia both grow up without their parents, but for different reasons. George grows up at the Wallace P. Andrews Shelter for Boys in New York. The Shelter’s strict surroundings did not provide the warm and inviting atmosphereRead MoreEssay on George’s Life Sacrifice in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day739 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge’s Life Sacrifice in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day George and Ophelia, two characters in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day, have a complex yet intimate relationship. They meet in New York where they both live. Throughout their hardships, Ophelia and George stay together and eventually get married. Ophelia often picks fights with George to test his love for her, and time after time, he proves to her that he does love her. Gloria Naylor uses George as a Christ figure in his relationship with OpheliaRead MoreMama Day Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences--and the danger--rise significantly. This discrepancy between the old and the new is one of the principal themes of Gloria Naylors Mama Day. The interplay between George, Ophelia and Mama Day shows the discrepancies between a modern style of thinking and one born of spirituality and religious beliefs. Dr. Buzzard serves as a weak bridge between these two modes of thought. In Mama Day, the Westernized characters fail to grasp the power of the Willow Springs world until it is too l ate.   When I wasRead More New York vs. Willow Springs in Mama Day Essay example1715 Words   |  7 PagesNew York vs. Willow Springs in Mama Day The soft island breeze blows across the sound and the smell of the sea fills the air in Willow Springs. Meanwhile, a thousand miles away in Lower Manhattan the smell of garbage and street vendors’ hotdogs hangs in the air. These two settings are key to Gloria Naylor’s 1988 novel Mama Day where the freedom and consistency of the Sea Islands is poised against the confinement of the ever-changing city, two settings that not only changes characters’Read MoreLetter From Gloria Naylor s Mama Day2479 Words   |  10 PagesGynocentric Granules in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day Anslin Jegu J., Asst. Prof. of English, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai. E-mail: anslinjegu@gmail.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This paper strews a panoramic view of Gynocentrism as a literary critical theory and its ramification in the form of the human relationshipRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare And Mama Day By Gloria Naylor1919 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tempest by William Shakespeare and Mama Day by Gloria Naylor are two fantastic stories that both belong to the genre magical realism, which is where magical elements are incorporated into realistic fiction. Prospero the main character is robbed of Dukedom and marooned on an island with his infant daughter where he meets natives and fire demons who do his bidding. Mama Day the main character in Gloria Naylor’s novel is a no nonsense woman who uses her magic to help the other residents of theirRead MoreGoophered Grapes Pre Ready 1 Essay example2710 Words   |  11 PagesMonthly† is a Bostonian publication that centered on politics, literature, science and the arts. While these topics are not reserved for our society’s elite s o much these days, it was much more so back then and the creators of the magazine definitely thought of themselves as part of our nation’s cultural elite. Even to this day, at least some of the staff at â€Å"The Atlantic† feel this way. Managing editor, Cullen Murphy gave a presentation and presented its founders like this; At a moment in our history

Discrimination of Races - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 792 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racial Discrimination Essay Racism Essay Did you like this example? Discrimination of races is something that is occuring in our society everyday. It still exists today because it started so long ago and once certain races had the hierarchy, some refuse to let go of the idea that they have more power just because they look a certain way and they choose to discriminate the minorities. Discrimination against a person’s race occurs when an individual or group of individuals are treated unequally because of their true or perceived race. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discrimination of Races" essay for you Create order I am researching the effects and origin of the idea that people deserve to be discriminated for their race. Racism has been going on throughout mankinds history. It is based on the idea that ones traits, social and moral, are given at birth by biological traits. A Belief that has come to be that different races dont deserve to be together and should remain apart from another is the idea of racial segregation. The belief of racial segregation began years after the reconstruction time in 1877. Many laws developed requiring segregation to keep blacks and whites separated and the blacks to be treated like they were below the whites. The laws were known as The Jim Crow Laws and were passed in the South for many years. The laws were objected by some but the laws did not go away and were most popular during the 1880s and 90s . The laws kept blacks and whites separated in buses, restaurants, schools, restrooms, drinking fountains, and most public places in general by putting up â€Å"whites only† or â€Å" no blacks allowed† signs. They went on for decades and became part of everyday life and didnt end until the 1960’s. Now there are laws that strictly forbid discrimination in public accommodations. If someone feels they have been discriminated in a public place because of their race they can even go to a civil rights attorney to discuss their rights and the formal laws against it. Even after these laws though, some people can not let go of the idea that the color of your skin does not define the type of person you are. Facing discrimination for you race or ethnicity is still a problem widely faced by many people. For example, just last month there were reports of a starbucks employee calling the cops on two black men for â€Å"defiant trespassing† because they were sitting at a table not ordering anything, but it was simply because they were waiting for a friend. Their story was approved and the police did not file charges for this incident. Starbucks was accused of being racist and it was true because these two men were completely innocent and were simply arrested for being black. Other people in starbucks at the time were even confused as to why they were being arrested and asked why, if they were doing the same thing, weren’t they too arrested. The men were released after 9 hours and starbucks posted an online apology to apologize for racial discrimination and even the barista who called requested for a face-to-face apology. This is just one example as to how racial discrimination is not only an issue of the past, but is still occuring in our current everyday lives. Racism occurs because of people wanting to feel better than others and it continues to occur because older generations are bringing younger generations up into that belief. The people who are discriminated because of their race can take it mildly where they begin to feel badly of themselves, or it can affect someone so badly it drives them to hurt themselves and even begin to question their own worth. Studies show that by being racially discriminated, it can actually harm someones mental health by causing a reduction in self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and a spike in emotional and physical stress. Wisconsin even did a statewide survey where they asked their students if they had attempted suicide to take away their own life in the past year. Of all the high schools involved in this survey, 4 percent of white students said they had, while 16 percent of the black student population reported that they had. This proves that by experiencing this discrimination can ruin you more than people realize. There are only bad results to being a racist or by experiencing racial discrimination by being a minority group or individual. People need to take a stand to put an end to slavery once and for all! If we unite we can put an end to it by speaking up against it and realizing that the color of a person’s skin really does not matter. We need to stop teaching younger generations that the minorities are lower people just because they dont look a certain way or come from a certain origin.

Any Help Free Essays

Review Sheets for Chapter 20. 1 1. Assuming the following reaction proceeds in the forward direction, 3 Sn4+(aq) + 2 Cr(s) ? 3 Sn2+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) 4+ a. We will write a custom essay sample on Any Help or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sn (aq) is the reducing agent and Cr(s) is the oxidizing agent. b. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. c. Sn4+(aq) is the reducing agent and Sn2+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. d. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Cr3+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. e. Cr(s) is the reducing agent and Sn4+(aq) is the oxidizing agent. 2. The following reaction occurs spontaneously. H+(aq) + Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) Write the balanced oxidation half-reaction. a. 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– ? H2(g) b. 2 H+(aq) ? H2(g) + 2 e– c. H2(g) ? 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– d. Ca(s) + 2 e– ? Ca2+(aq) e. Ca(s) ? Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– 3. Write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of CrO42–(aq) to Cr(OH)3(s) in a basic solution. a. CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) b. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) c. CrO42–(aq) + 3 H+(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 e– d. CrO42–(aq) + 4 H2O( ) + 3 e– ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 5 OH–(aq) e. CrO42–(aq) + 3 OH–(aq) ? Cr(OH)3(s) + 2 O2(g) 4. Write a balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of Cd(s) by concentrated nitric acid, producing NO2(g) and Cd2+(aq). a. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + OH–(aq) b. 2 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) c. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) + H+(aq) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O( ) d. 4 HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2H2O( ) + 2 NO3–(aq) e. HNO3(aq) + Cd(s) ? Cd2+(aq) + NO2(g) Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: E E D D How to cite Any Help, Essay examples

Introduction to Academic Writing and Research

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Academic Writing and Research. Answer: Introduction The world is continuously growing with advancement in technologies, employment and education and because of these, competition, frustration and passive aggression are taking place into the lives of the modern inhabitants. The practice of pastoral guidance in modern life is found essential for providing spiritual help to the suffering ones.[1] In this regard, it should be kept in mind that over years, spiritual help is proving most relevant for reducing stress, trauma and aggression. However, one of the biggest issues for conducting a fruitful pastoral practice in the current era is the inefficient skills of the pastoral practitioners. Furthermore, it is being assumed that the reason behind such issue is the lack of ability to think critically. The present essay has the purpose to make an in-depth discussion for determining whether critical thinking is a helpful aspect for improving the pastoral practices or not. It is believed that in the modern era of technical and scientific development, people are succumbing into the circle of uncertainty. Increasing amount of competition and easy accessibility of wealth is making people more self-centric and aggressive. As part of the consequence, life has become more uncertain and people are losing faith in their lives. It is certainly proving that abundance of wealth and technical advancement in life is not proving helpful for maintaining the peace of mind. Except that, complex lifestyles also provoke the volume of uncertainty in modern life. It has been found that people are losing confidence and that is leading them to behave inappropriately in right situations.[2] On the other hand, the threat of being deceived by the policy makers and the business organizations are found to be another reason for leading an uncertain life. In this context, it is significant to note that as part of the fatal outcome of such uncertainties, people are tending to commit suicide and attempting to take ghastly decisions regarding their selves due to high per tension. In this respect, the significance of pastoral practice for decreasing mental pressure and anxieties is recognized to be worth notable. The phrase Pastoral practice is indicative of the spiritual practice or theological training that is fundamentally applied to bring an individual closer to the almighty. The practice is largely appraised for healing traumatic minds of individuals by motivating them with positive energy. Motivation and positive expression support human minds in facing any uncertainties or hostile environment from the outside world. Therefore, it can be said that the practice is significant for transforming a mind from being agonized to peaceful. Hence, it can be underpinned that pastoral practice is well applicable for reducing pressures and harmful tendencies to end life. However, it should be kept in consideration that to become a pastoral leader, a person re quires to have capabilities to understand and judge any critical situation.[3] Additionally, the person needs to have the potentiality to take right decision in an apt way to mitigate a particular critical scenario. Critical thinking is reviewed to be that power, which gives the ability to analyze and investigate a matter by going beyond the surface understanding.[4] The use of critical thinking is therefore related to form a right judgment. Thereafter it is understandable that prior to become an efficient pastoral leader, a person needs to become a efficient critical thinker. It is however, unfortunate to note that in the era of twenty first century, the field of pastoral practice is encountering several issues regarding the pastoral leadership. The main pitfalls of the current practice of pastoral guidance is that most of the time the responsible counselors are found to have little knowledge about the rudimentary purpose of pastoral guidance. On the other hand, a pastoral leader is required to have a strong control over the learners or the suffering ones humanistic approach. Therefore, it can be understood that one of the increasing issues in pastoral thinking are the practitioners lack of ability to delve deeply into any particular situation. On the other hand, several times pastors themselves go through certain issues like unresolved family problems, personal conflicts and financial difficulties, which make them incompetent to read others characters. Such issues are acting as some stubborn constraints for the pastors to give their entire attention on a particular problem and thereafter failing to become a reflective thinker. Moreover, a pastoral leader is required to possess spiritual maturity along with the capacity to make a trustworthy relationship.[5] Above all, a pastor should understand the density of a particular problem with clear insight to find out a convenient get way at the final stage. With the help of critical thinking, it is possible to understand a situation appropriately and thereafter to reach to an applicable solution. Though there is confusion, about how exactly this quality can help to become flexible with the suffering individuals and make a trustworthy relationship with them. Therefore, it has to be said that the significance of critical thinking is limited to the extent of observation and judgmental skills. However, precisely, critical thinking is regarded as the way of analyzing a situation rationally and giving a reasoned judgment. According to the National council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, critical thinking is a disciplined as well as an intellectual process that conceptualizes, analyzes and evaluates any certain information based on reflection, observation and communication. On the other hand, key aspects of humanity include varied emotions, sensitivity, and faith. With the help of critical thinking, an individual becomes able to control their emotional fluctuations that restrain a person from having a rational and peaceful mind. Furthermore, if communication could be seen as a part of humanity in terms of human skills, it should be said that a systematic and critical thinking improvise the way of expressing own thoughts.[6] Most importantly, critical thinking acts like a way of promoting creativity, which again is considered being one of the chief aspects of humanity.[7] On the other hand, critical thinking helps to acquire self-reflection by reviewing any particular condition deeply. Therefore, with a thorough understanding about any distinct emotion, a person can identify the best possible solutions to handle them. In this regard the three embedded stages of critical thinking, which is known as the multi-layered structure, could be considered. The first layer of critical thinking helps to identify the alternative premises of affairs, whereas the second layer creates possibilities for evaluation by critical questioning. The final layer is the judgment process that makes decision regarding the reliable aspect of a cognitive faculty. The final layer is therefore responsible for creating trust. For instance, in time of counseling an individual, a counselor has to first understand the persons characteristic features through the first and second layer of critical thinking. Thereafter, it is essential to analyze their problem not just by listening to them but also by perceiving views going beyond the apparent scenario. That is how the first two layers of critical understanding and thinking process help a person to have a concise understanding along with bright reflection on a particular matter.[8] Nevertheless, it should not be disregarded that to acquire critical thinking a person needs to have a certain amount of maturity.[9] Therefore, to improvise pastoral practice first it is necessary to have that level of maturity, which helps through which one understands the significance of critical thinking. Instead of all these, the primary responsibility of a pastoral leader should not neglected, which says that the responsible counselor should evaluate every act of the troubled person with utmost priority. It is because, several times problems are hidden inside an individuals behavioral disorder rather than inside the particular situation they are facing.[10] That is why in the practice of giving spiritual guidance, it is important to have the skill to analyze the behaviors of others to acquire a proper solution. As discussed above about the three layers of critical thinking, establish a proper decision or solution is the third layer of critical understanding. Hence, it is understandable that to evaluate behavioral aspects along with to have a clear reflection, a person initially requires the ability to think in a critical way.[11] Thus, it can be deduced that when a person riches the level of understanding a particular act or situation by every possible dimension of it, the individual can recognize a probable way to handle that particular act.[12] In that case, it should be taken into consideration that most of the time a pastoral guide fails to give relevant solution because of their tendency to follow the orthodox and age-old ideas. A counselor is supposed to propose ideas or solutions based on different situations, which will not be some random ideas acquired from bookish knowledge. However, critical thinking may not be the last option to acquire creative ideas as proper education and in-depth knowledge in several aspects of the environment and society are also required to procure creative ideas.[13] Hence, after considering the above discussion, it can be perceived that a pastoral leader could not accomplish his/her role as a counselor if the person lacks the ability to think critically.[14] On the other hand, despite agreeing with the fact that critical thinking acts as a potential aspect to improve the practice of giving pastoral guidance, it has to be said that the entire facet of critical thinking rests on the aspect of maturity. That is why; a pastoral guide can only acquire the capability to think critically only if the individual feels the requirement to have it. References Alavinia, Parviz and Shirin Malekzadeh. "The Overriding Role Of Critical Thinking In Nahjolbalaqa Letters: Insights From BloomS Cognitive Model".Journal of Language Teaching and Research4, no. 1 (2013). Doehring, Carrie.The practice of pastoral care: A postmodern approach. Presbyterian Publishing Corp, 2014. Fearon, H. Dana and Gordon S Mikoski.Straining At The Oars. 1st ed. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2013. Graham, Elaine L.Transforming practice: Pastoral theology in an age of uncertainty. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002. Halx, M.D.; Reybold, L.E.,Dubicki, Eleonora. "Faculty perceptions of students' information literacy skills competencies."Journal of Information Literacy(2005) 7.2: 97-125.A pedagogy of force: faculty perspectives of critical thinking capacity in undergraduate students. Journal of General Education, 54(4): 293-315. Retrieved October 8, 2016 from Wilson Select Plus database. Hatcher, Donald L. "Reflections On Critical Thinking".Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines28, no. 2 (2013): 4-24. King, Patricia M., and Karen Strohm Kitchener.Developing Reflective Judgment: Understanding and Promoting Intellectual Growth and Critical Thinking in Adolescents and Adults. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series and Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series. Jossey-Bass, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104-1310, 1994. Kuhn, Deanna. "A Role For Reasoning In A Dialogic Approach To Critical Thinking".Topoi(2016). LaMothe, Ryan. "Broken And Empty: Pastoral Leadership As Embodying Radical Courage, Humility, Compassion, And Hope".Pastoral Psychology61, no. 4 (2012): 451-466. Paul, Richard, and Linda Elder.Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson Education, 2013. Richardson, Ronald W. Creating a Healthier Church: Family Systems Theory, Leadership and Congregational Life by Augsburg Fortress, 1996. Shiraev, Eric B., and David Levy.Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications. Routledge, 2015. Waddell, Charles. "Looking at church teachings and pastoral practices." InCompass, vol. 49, no. 3, p. 3. Compass, 2015 Watkins, Megan.Discipline And Learn. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.